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The ancient Egyptian civilization was one of the first and greatest civilizations in the entire world … and the fact that the ancient Egyptians had achieved many achievements that covered most aspects of human life, including political and social improvements , as well as its advances. in many scientific careers. Now let’s talk about what they have accomplished in the science of astronomy.
The Egyptians were very interested in the stars and constellations and took great care of this exciting science. Since the Middle Kingdom, constellations were often depicted in coffins as stellar clocks, showing the amount of time the stars were visible or invisible.
Since the New Kingdom, the ceilings of tombs and temples often showed the constellation of stars. These constellations were the same as we see today, but represented differently. For example, Orion was depicted as a man turning his head and Ursa Major was depicted as the front leg of a bull. Since the Middle Kingdom, the Egyptians were able to recognize five planets, known as stars that know no rest, which were often associated with Horus, the Egyptian god of the sky:
* Jupiter, known as Horus that limits the two lands.
* Mars, known as Horus the red.
* Mercury, known as Sebegu (a god associated with Seth)
* Saturn, known as Horus, bull of heaven.
* Venus, known as god of the morning
The ancient Egyptians had used astronomy for many different practicalities … and one of their greatest achievements was setting the new year always to coincide with the rise of Sirius in mid-July and the annual flood of the Nile.
The floods happened every year and at the same time. The ancient astronomers and priests, noted that the flood always occurred on the summer solstice, which also happened when the bright star Sirius rose before the sun and thus, they were able to predict the annual flood, an ability that in turn made them considerable power. They then divided the year into twelve 30-day months, followed by a five-day holiday period.
In addition to this, … the Egyptians used astronomy to schedule temple building ceremonies, which depended on the visibility of the constellations we now refer to as Ursa Major and Orion … also, … could establish the cardinal points for the orientation of the pyramids observing the Pole Star. Finally, it is important to say that the stars were not used to predict the fate of humans in Egypt until the Ptolemaic period when the Greeks introduced astrology. Egypt’s most famous zodiac is on the roof of Denderah and dates back to the 1st century AD. This zodiac shows all the familiar zodiac signs, including Leo, Aries, and Taurus.